September rs.
466 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1963 |
R. 8. A. C. KASI [YER v
THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX, MYSORE, TRAVANCORE-COCHIN . AND COORG, BANGALORE.
(S. K. Das, M. HipayaruLyag, Kk, C. Das Gupta, J. C. SHaun- anp N. RaJagopata Ayyanaar, JJ.)
Income-tax—Merger of Travancore-Cochin State with Indian Union—Government of India’s power to direct assessment or reassessment proceedings—Travancore Income-tax Regulation VIII of 1096 M. E.—Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1124 M. E. s, 8, sub-ss. (2), (4), (5), (6)—Opium and RevenuefLaus (Extension of Application) Act (33 of 1950), ss. 2, 3, 3(¢).
The State of Travancore-Cochin merged with Indian Union on March 7, 1949, but the Travancore Incume-tax Regulation, VIII of 1096 (Malayalam Era) and the Travancore Taxati7n on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1124 (Malayalam Era), continued to apply to that area not withstanding the merger.
On August 6, 1949, the Travancore-Cochin Government passed an order referring the case of the appellants to the commission constituted under the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1124 M.E. The investigation commission held by its report that the appellants had made a secret profit in the accounting year 1118 M. E., which was not included in the income-tax return submitted by the appellants earlier. The Travancore-Cochin Government accepted the report and directed recovery of the tax due by its order dated February 14, 1950. The Income-tax Officer without holding any fresh assessment proccedings, issued a demand notice.
The Union Legislature enacted the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act (33 of 1950) providing for extension of certain opium and revenue laws to certain parts of India. In exercise of the authority under s. 8(z) of the said Travancore Investigation Act, read with s. 3, cl. (c), of the Opium and Revenue Laws {Extensién of Application) Act, the Government of India, on October 25, 1951, directed that appropriate assessment proccedings under the Travancore Income-tax Act be taken against the appellants with a view to assess or reassess the concealed income which had escaped assessment. The Commissioner of Income-tax withdrew the earlier notice of demand and thereafter the Income-tax Officer after reassessment. proceedings directed the appellants to pay income-tax and super-tax on the concealed income.
The said orders of the Government of India and of the
1 S.C.R.’ SUPREME COURT REPORTS 467
Income-tax Officer were questioned by the appellants and the matter was referred by the Commissioner of Income-tax to the High Court. The High Court held that the orders in question were valid orders. The appellant appealed with special leave.
Held, that the Government of India had the powers under | s. .3(c) of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act, 1950, to direct proceedings for assessment or reassessment under the Travancore Income-tax Regulation after consideration of the report made by the Travancore Investigation Commission.
The order passed by the Government of India on February 14, 1950, was not inconsistent with the order passed by the Travancore-Cochin Government. Liability to pay income-tax would arise only on an effective order of assessment. No such order having been passed by the Income-tax Officer in the instant case, there could be no doubt as to the competency of the: Government of India to direct proceedings for assessment. There is nothing in s. 8(2) of the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act which states that action may be rg60 | RLS. ALC, Kasi Iyer v.
The Commissioner of Inconte-taz, Mysore, Travan- core-Cochin & Coorg, Bangalore taken thereunder only once, and if an unauthorised direction is.
given thereunder there is nothing which prevents rectification of that order.
By sub-s, (4) of s, 8 of the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act the findings by the Investigation Commission are final in all assessment or reassessment proceedings. Section 8{2) of the Act removed the bar of limitation which arose by s. 25 of the Income-tax Act. Consequently, it was competent to the Income-tax Officer to reopen the assessment proceedings notwithstanding any lapse of time and the previous order of assessment did not operate as a bar to such reassessment.
Crviu APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 304/56.
Appeal by special leave from the judgment and .
order dated July 19, 1954, of the former Travancore- rockin High Court in Income-tax Reference No. 5 of A. V. Viswanatha Sastri, R. Ganapathy Iyer and
G. Gopalakrishnan, for the appellant.
_K. N. Rajagopal Sastri and D. Gupta, for the respondent.
1960. September 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Suan J.—The Commissioner of Income Tax for
Mysore, Travancore Cochin and Coorg at Bangalore 60 .
Shah J.
R.S. A.C. Kasi lyer ve: The Commisstoner of Income-tax, Mysore, Travancore-Cochin & Coorg, Bangalore
Shah J.
468 SUPREME COURT REPORTS _ [1961]
referred under s. 8(5) of the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1124 (Malayalam Era)—hereinafter referred to as the Investigation Act read with s. 113 of the Travancore Income Tax Regulation, 1096 (Malayalam Era)—hereinafter referred to as the Income Tax Act, the following questions to the High Court of Travancore-Cochin :
(1) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, there was any evidence before the commission to come to the conclusion to which it came in its report ?
(2) On the facts and in the circumstances of the case was. the order C. No. 76(1) IJ.T/51 dated 25-10-1951 of the Government of India passed under the provisions of s. 8(2) of the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act read with s.3 of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act of 1950, a legal and valid order ?
(3) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the order passed by the Income Tax Officer in pursuance of the directions of the Government under s. 8(2) of the Travancore Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1124, was a legal and valid order ?
The High Court answered the three questions in the affirmative. Against the order of the High Court answering the reference, this appeal has been preferred with special leave.
The facts which gave rise to the reference are briefly these. The appellants are a firm of merchants carrying on business in yarn in the Districts of Trivandrum and Nagercoil in the Travancore-Cochin State. For the accounting year 1118 M. E, (August 17, 1942 to August 16, 1943), the appellants submitted a return under the Income Tax Act showing a net return of Rs. 4,78,594- 5-0 as assessable income, and they were assessed to income-tax and super tax by the Income Tax Officer on that return. In 1124 M.E., the Legislature of Travancore enacted the Investigation Act conferring authority upon the Government of Travancore to constitute a commission to be called an Income Tax Investigation Commission to investigate and report on ali matters
1 8.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 469 | relating to taxation on income, with particular refer- 7960 ence to the extent to which the existing law relating , oac to, and procedure for, the assessment and collection Kasi ryer of such taxation was inadequate to prevent evasion Vv. thereof and to investigate in accordance with the pro- The Commissioner visions of the Act in cases referred, on or before Feb- Be I moe ruary 16, 1950, to it under s. 5. The Government was “(7.0% | (@ar authorised after consideration of the report to direct coo¢, Bangalore that proceedings be taken under the various Acts — including the Income Tax Act, in respect of any period = Shah J. commencing after August-16, 1989. By sub-s. (4) of s. 8, all assessment or reassessment proceedings taken in pursuance of the direction under sub-s. (2), the findings recorded by the Commission on the case or on the points referred to it were, subject to the provisions of gub-ss. (5) and (6) to be final. Sub-section (5) of s. 8 provided for a reference to the High Court on any question of law arising out of any order made by the Commission. The State of Travancore-Cochin merged with the Indian Union on March 7, 1949, but the Income Tax Act and the Investigation Act continued to apply to that area notwithstanding the merger. On August 6, 1949, the Government of Travancore-Cochin passed an order referring the case of the appellants to the Commission for investigation and report under s. 5 of the Investigation Act. On the evidence led before it, the Commission held by its report dated February 1, 1950, that the appellants had in the accounting year 1118 M. E. made a secret profit of Rs. 1,831,750 which was not included in the earlier assessment. The Commission then proceeded to compute the tax payable by the appellants and found that the amount of tax payable by the appellants on their true income was Rs. 1,35,736-8-0 and that they were liable to pay that amount subject to credit for the tax already paid. The Government of Travancore-Cochin by order dated February 14, 1950, accepted the report of the Commission and directed that immediate steps be taken to recover, under the Income Tax Act, from the appellants the tax due according to the findings recorded by the Commission. Pursuant to this direction, the
470 SUPREME COURT REPORTS _ [1961]
1960 Income Tax Officer, without holding any fresh assess- R.s.4.c, ment proceedings, issued on March 15, 1950, a demand Kasi [yer notice under 8.42 of the Income Tax Act for the v. additional tax imposed on the appellants according
The Commissioner to the findings of the Commission and called upon the of Income-tax, annellants to pay Rs. 13,337-13-0 as additional tax. “Mysore, Travan: The Union Legislature enacted on April 17, 1950, the cove-Cochin & : . . ‘ : Coorg, Bangalore Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application)
_— Act providing for the extension of certain opium and
Shah J. revenue Jaws to certain parts of India. By s. 2 of that Act, amongst others, the Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, XXX of 1947 (enacted by the Central Legislature) and all rules and orders made thereunder which were in force immediately before the commencement of Act NXX of 1950, were extended to the rest of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, but bys, 3, in so far as it is material, it was provided that,
“Tf immediately before the commencement of this Act there isin force in any part B State other than Jammu and Kashmir any law (xx x x) corresponding to the Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, 1947 (XXX of 1947), that law shall continue to remain in force with the following modifications,
(a) all cases referred to or pending before the State Commission (by whatever name called) in respect of matters relating to taxation on income other than agricultural income, shall stand transferred to the Central Commission for disposal :
Provided .....s.csccsessscsseeseseescasct ees seneteseesseseeeees
(c) Any reference in the State law, by whatever form of words, to the State Government or the State Commission shall, in relation to income other than agricultiral income, be construed as a reference to the Central Government or the Central Commission, as the case may bo;”.
Purporting to exercise authority under s. 8(2) of the Investigation Act read with 8. 3, cl. (c), of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act,
18.0.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 471
1950, the Government of India, on October 25, 1951, 1960 directed that appropriate assessment proceedings , 54, under the Income Tax Act be taken against the appel- _,,; Iyer lants with a view to assess or reasses the concealed v. income of Rs. 1,31,750 which had escaped assessment. The Commissioner On January 1, 1952, the Commissioner of Income Tax 9 J#icome-taw, withdrew the notice of demand dated March 15, 1950, Mysore ae and thereafter the Income Tax Officer commenced ¢,,,¢ yn galore reassessment proceedings against the appellants and — by his order dated March 29, 1952, directed the appel- —Shaa J. lants to pay income-tax and super tax on the concealed income.
At the instance of the appellants, a reference was made to the High Court of Travancore-Cochin under s. 8(5) of the Investigation Act and the three questions set out hereinbefore were referred to that court. In the view of the High Court, there was evidence on which the Commission could arrive at the conclusion recorded by it. Evidently, the High Court was incompetent, in answering the question, to enter upon a review of the evidence in exercise of its advisory jurisdiction ; and Mr. Viswanatha Sastri on behalf of the appellants has fairly not attempted to challenge the answer recorded by the High Court on the first question.
The Government of India had, on a consideration of the report of the Commission, directed on October 25, 1951, that assessment proceedings be started against the appellants. Section 8(2) of the Investigation Act, in so far as it is material, reads as follows:
“ After considering the report, our Government shall by order in writing direct that such proceedings as they think fit under the Travancore Income Tax Act, VIII of 1096...... shall be taken against the person to whose case the report relates in respect of the income of any period commencing after the last day of Karkadagom, 1124 (August 16, 1939) and upon such a direction being given, such proceedings may be taken and completed under the appropriate law notwithstanding the restrictions contained in s. 25 of the Travancore Income Tax Act, VIII of 1960...... and notwithstanding any lapse of time or any decision to
472 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1961]
1960 a different effect given in the case by any Income Tax RSAC authority or Income Tax Appellate Tribunal”. Kasi Iyer By s. 3 of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of v. Application) Act, XX XIII of 1950, the Investigation The Commissioner Act continued to remain in force with the modification of income tan, that reference in the State law to the State Govern. Mysore, “vava™ ment was in relation to income other than agricultural core-Cochin & , Coorg, Bangalore income, to be construed as a reference to the Central — Government. Whatever authority could be exercised Shah J. by the Travancore-Cochin Government before the enactment of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act, 1950, could therefore, since the application of that Act, be exercised by the Central Government, and the Jatter Government could direct in respect of a case that proceedings for reassessment be commenced against a tax payer. The case of the appellants was referred to the Investigation Commission by the Travancore-Cochin Government and report was made to that Government by the Commission, and the authority of the Government of Travancore-Cochin to take action on the report having been conferred upon the Central Government by s. 3(c) of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application) Act, the Centra] Government was prima facie competent to direct that proceedings under the Income on Tax Act as may be justifiable be taken against the appellants. But Mr. Viswanatha Sastri appearing on behalf of the appellants contests that view on two grounds :
(1) that the Central Government may direct proceedings to be taken under the Income Tax Act only if the report was made by a commission appointed under the Taxation on Income (Investigation Commission) Act, XXX. of 1947, and not on a report made by a commission appointed by the ‘Travancore-Cochin State under the Investigation Act, and
(2) that the Travancore-Cochin Government having once taken action directing recovery of the tax due, it was not competent to the Central Government under s. 8(2) of the Investigation Act again to take any action on the report.
18.0.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 473
In our view, there is no force in either of these con- 1960 tentions. The expression “the report” in s. 8(2)refers =| . to the report made under s. 8(1) by the members of jq55 yey the Commission appointed by the Travancore-Cochin ~_y, Government under the Investigation Act and on @ The Commissioner consideration of that report, the Government of India °f Jncome-taz, has, since the enactment of the Opium and Revenue me seres ayaa Laws (Extension of Application) Act, 1950, power to cy.) Bangalore direct that proceedings for assessment or re-assessment __ be taken under the Income Tax Act. On the plain — Shan j. language used by the Legislature in 8. 3(c) of the Opium and Revenue Laws (Extension of Application)
. Act, 1950, the contention raised on behalf of the appellants is unsustainéble.
By order dated February 14, 1950, the Government , of Travancore-Cochin had accepted the report of the Commission and had directed the Board of Revenue to take necessary action for recovery of the amount of tax due from the appellants, and pursuant to that direction, without holding proceedings for assessment or reassessment, a demand notice was issued by the Income Tax Officer. The order passed by the Government of India on October 25, 1951, is not in any way inconsistent with the order dated February 14, 1950.
Both the orders direct that steps be taken for recovery of the amount of income tax due from.the appellants. But, if as appears evident from s. 8(4) of the Investigation Act, liability to pay income-tax could arise only on an effective order of assessment, the Income Tax Officer not having assessed the income before the demand ‘notice was issued, the Government of India — was, in our judgment, competent to direct that proceedings be taken for assessing the liability of the appellants to pay tax consistently with the provisions of the Income Tax Act. The order passed by the Government of India on October 25, 1951, may therefore be regarded as effectuating the earlier order passed by the Travancore-Cochin Government on February 14, 1950. In any event, there is nothing in s. 8(2) which justifies the contention that action may be taken thereunder only once. If an unauthorised
474 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1961] 19690 direction is given under s. 8(2), there is nothing in that ns ac, Provision which prevents rectification of that order. Kas lyer By sub-s, (4) of 8. 8 of the Investigation Act, the Y. findings recorded by the Commission in cases or points The Commissioner referred to them are made final in all assessment or of Dicome-fax, reaggessment proceedings. The Act has, by sub-s. (2) of Mysore, Travar~ 3 § removed the bar of limitation which arose by Cony. Dann C s. 25 of the Income Tax Act. It was competent therereo, Bangaluie Te fore to the Income ‘Tax Officer to reopen the assessshah J. Ment proceedings notwithstanding any lapse of time and the previous order of assessment did not operate as a bar to such reassessment. The High Court was therefore in our judgment right in recording its answers on the three questions submitted by the Com. missioner of Income Tax. In that view, the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs.
Appeal dismissed.
1960 TH BHOPAL SUGAR INDUSTRIES LTD.
September 2. v, THE INCOME.TAX OFFICER, BHOPAL
(S. K. Das, M. Hipayatutiay, K. C. Das Gupta, J.C. SHaw ann N. RasaGopa.a AYYANGAR, JJ.)
Directions by superior Tribunals—If could be refused to be carricd ont— Principles of administration of justice.
The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction gave certain directions to the respo.dent. an Income-tax Officer, in connection with the ascertainment of the market value of sugarcane grown by the appellant at their farm and used by them for the manufacture of sugar. The appellant asked the Income-tax Officer to give effect to the said order and directions of the Tribunal but was informed that no relicf could be given. Thus the Income-tax Officer failed to carry out the directions of the Tribunal.
Held, that the refusal to carry out the directions which a superior Tribunal had given in exercise of its appellate powers was in effect a denial of justice and was furthermore destructive