Headnote
The reporters’ summary of the points decided. It is not part of the judgment.
1)S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 681 regain his self-control, even if he had not regained it earlier. On the other hand, his conduct clearly shows that the murder was a deliberate and calculated one. Even if any conversation took place between the accused and the deceased in the manner described by the accused— though we do not believe that—it does not affect the question, for the accused entered the bed-room of the deceased to shoot him. The mere fact that before the shooting the accused abused the deceased and the abuse provoked an equally abusive reply could not conceivably be a provocation for the murder. We, therefore, hold that the facts of the case do not attract the provisions of Exception 1 to s. 300 of the Indian Penal Code.
In the result, conviction of the accused under
8. 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenvxe of imprisonment for life passed on him by the High Court are correct, and there are absolutely no grounds for interference. The appeal stands dismissed, Appeal dismissed.
—_
BIRAJMOHAN DAS GUPTA v. THE STATE OF ORISSA AND OTHERS
(P. B. Gasmnpracapkar, A. K. Sarkar, K. N. Wanonoo, K. C. Das Gupta and N. RagaGopaLa Ayyanaar, JJ.)
Road Tranaport—State Transport Undertaking—Scheme— Approval by Minvster—-Bias of Minister—Validity of scheme— Notice for adjourned date of hearing—If necessary—Omission of date of operation of route tn final acheme— Transport Coniroller—Authority to publish scheme—Orissa Rules framed under Ch. IVA of Motor Vehicles Act, rr. 2 (vi), 8—Motor Vehicles Act, 1989 (4 of 1939), ss. 680, 68D (2).
The validity of a scheme of road. transport service approved by the Government of Qnissa under s. 68D (2) of the
K. M. Nanavatt ve ‘Lhe State of Makarashtra
Subba Rio J.
‘ovember 28
éb6l Birajmohan Das Gepta v. The State of Orises
Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, was challenged by the petitioners on the grounds (1) that a proper notice was noi given for the hearing of objections to the scheme, (2) that the Minister for Transport who approved of the scheme was biased, (3) that the final scheme did not mention the date on which it was to come into operation, and (4) that the Transport Controller who published the scheme had no authority to do so.
Held, that; (1) r. 8 of the Rules framed by the Orissa State Government under Ch. 1VA of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, applied only to the first date to be fixed for hearing, and that if for any reason the hearing was adjourned, it was not necessary to give a fresh notice under the rule for the adjourned date of hearing;
(2) the statement made by the minister in answer to a question put in the legislative assembly that the Government had decided to take over all the routes from April 1, 1961, eliminating all private operators, was merely an indication of the Government’s policy and that the minister could not be said to be personally biased;
(3) the approved scheme was not invalid for the reason that the actual date of operating the route was not mentioned in the final scheme, as required under cr. 3 (vi) of the Rules, inasmuch as the notification publishing the final scheme referred to the draft scheme which contained that date and said that the draft scheme was approved, and, consequently, the rule must be considered to have been substantially complied with; and
(4) the Transport Controller, being the Chief Officer of the State Transport Undertaking, had the authority to publish the scheme under s. 68C of the Act since the section provided that the State Transport Undertaking ‘‘shall cause it to be published”? which meant that some officer of the Undertaking would have it published in the Gazette.
Judgment
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Petitions Nos. 117 and 137 of 1961.
Petition under Art 32 of the Constitution of India for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
L. K. Jha and R. Patnatk, for the petitioner (in Petn. No 117 of 1961).
C. B, Agarwala and R. Patnatk, for the petitioner (in Petn. No. 137 of 1961).
A. V. Viswanatha Sastri, B. R. L. Iyengar and T.M. Sen, for the respondents.
(1)8.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 683
1961. November 28. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Wanonoo, J.—These two petitions challenge the validity of a scheme of road transport service approved by the Government of Orissa under
8. 68D (2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, No. 1V of 1939 {hereinafter called the Act). A large number of grounds have been raised in the petitions but we are now concerned with only six points urged on behalf of the petitioners and we shall deal with only those points. No, arguments were addressed on the other points raised in the petitions and it is therefore not necessary to set them out. The six points which have been raised before us are these: —
1. No hearing was given to the petitioner in petition No. 117 as required by s. 68D (2) and the Rules framed under Chap. IV- A.
2. The minister who heard the objections under s. 68D (2) was biased and therefore the approval given to the scheme is invalid.
3. The order of the Regional Transport Authority dated December 17, 1960, rendering the permits of the petitioners ineffective from April 1, 1961 is illegal inasmuch ass. 68 F andr. 10 framed under Chap. IV-A were violated.
4. The State Transport Undertaking did not apply for permits six weeks before April 1, 1961, as required by s. 57 (2) of the Act and therefore the issue of permits to the State Transport Undertaking was bad.
5. The final scheme did not mention the date from which it was to come into operation as required by r. 3 (vi) of the Orissa Rules and was therefore bad.
6. The Transport Controller who published the scheme had no authority to do so.
196l
Birajmohan Das Gupta v The State of Orissa
Wanchoo J.
Birajmohon Das Gupta ¥ The Stote of Orista
Wenchoe J.
684 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1962) SUPP.
Re I We propose to take these points one by one. é. ‘
The contention of the petiticner is that the minister heard the objections on September 21, 1960, and passed his orders approving the scheme on September 22, 1960. The notice however issued to the petitioner of the date of hearing was received by him on September 23, 1960, and as suchas there was no wpprrtunity fur the petitioner to get a hearing before the minister and consequently the scheme which was approved in violation of s. 68D (2) and r. 8 was invalid. It appears that the draft sches.e was publiehed on July 29, 1960. Objections were invited from the operators and members of the public thereto. ‘Ihe petitioner filed his objection on August 24, 1960. The date which was originally fixed for hearing of objections was September 16, 1960, and it is not disputed that the nutice of that date was given to all objectors as required by s. 68D({2) and the Rules. The petitioner, however, did not appear on ‘September 16, 1960, which was the first date of hearing. Many other objectors appeared on that date and prayed for time. Consequently the hearing was adjourned to September zi. As however the petitioner was absent a fresh notice was sent to him asa matter of abundant caution. That notice could not be delivered to him before September 21, 1960, as he was absent from his address and he was actually served on September 23, 1960- The petitioners complaint therefore is that as he was“ not served with notice about the hesring on September 21, 1960 there wasno compliance witha. 68D(2) and the Rules framed in that connection under Chap. IV-A.
On these facts, we are of opinion that there is no force in the contention raised on behalf of the petitioner. What r.8 of the Orissa Rules requires is that ten days’ clear notice has to be given of the time, place and date of hearing to all
(1) 8.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS — 685 objectors. This was undoubtedly done, for the date originally fixed for hearing was September 16, 1960. Thereafter the hearing was postponed to September 21 at the instance of the objectors. It was in our opinion not necessary to give a fresh notice giving ten clear days as required by r. 8, for this adjourned date. Rule 8 only applies to the first date to be fixed for hearing. Thereafter if the hearing is adjourned, it is in our opinion yhinecessary to give a further notice at all for the adjourned date. It was the duty of the petitioner after he had received notice of the first date to appear on that date. If he did not appear and the hearing had to be adjourned on the request of the objectors, or for any other reason, to another date, no further notice was necessary of the adjourned date. It is true that notice was given to the petitioner of the adjourned date; but that was in our opinion as a measure of abundant caution. The rule does not however require that a fresh notice must be given of the adjourned date of hearing also. In the circumstances we reject this contention.
Reliance is placed on two circumstances to show that the Minister was biased and therefore the hearing given by bim was no hearing in law. In the first place, it is said that in answer toa question in the Orissa Legislative Assembly as to when the Government was taking over the privately operated moter routes, the Transport Minister (who eventually heard the objections) replied that the Government had decided to take over all the routes from April 1, 1961, eliminating all private operators. It is urged that this shows that the Transport Minister was biased and was determined whatever happened to push through the scheme so that it may become operative from April 1, 1961. Weare ofopinion that there is no foree in this contention
Birajmohen Das Gupta v, The State af Orissa Wanchoo J.
1096]
Birajmohan Das Gupta ‘. The State of Orissa
Wanchoo J, of bias based on this reply of the Minister toa question put in the Legislative Assembly. The Government was asked when it was intending to take over the privately operated motor routes and its reply was really a matter of policy, namely that it wasthe policy of the Government to take overall the routes eliminating all private opera. tors from April 1, 1961. This did not mean that even if, for example, the scheme was not ready or if the scheme put forth was found by the Government to be open to objection, the Government would still force through the taking over of the privately operated routes from April 1, 1961. This answer was merely an indication of the Government's policy, namely, that the Government was intencing to take over all private operated routes from April |, 1961; but whether in actual fact al] the routes would be taken over on that date would depend upon so many circumstances inoluding finance. It cannot be said that this announcement of the Government's policy in answer toa question put in the legislative assembly meant that the Government was determined whatever happened to eliminate all privately operated routes by April I, 1961. We are therefore of opinion that the Minister cannot be said to be personally biased because this policy statement was made by him in answer to a question put in the legislative assembly.
Another reason that is urged to support the personal bias of the Minister is that the Minister is said to have stated to certain persons that as the privately operated routes in the district of Ganjam which was his constituency had been nationalised he was determined to annihilate all the private bus operators in the district of Cuttack also. This allegation has been denied on behalf of the State. It is however urged that no affidavit has been filed by the Minister who alone was likely to have knowledge on this point. It appears however that tho petitioners also have no personal knowledge of
(1)S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 687 any such determination on the part of the Minister. Thy based their allegation on an alleged talk between the Minister and two citizens of Cuttack, namely, a municipal councillor and an advocate. -
No affidavit however of the two persons concerned has been filed to support this allegation. In the circumstances we are of opinion that it was not necessary for the Minister to file an affidavit for the allegation on behalf of the petitioners was also based on heresay and it has been contradicted by similar evidence on behalf of the State. It would have been a different matter ifthe two persons concerned had made affidavits from personal knowledge. There is therefore no force in this contention and weare of opinion that it cannot be said on the facts of this case that the Minister was biased.
Re. 3 and 4.
We propose to take these points together. We are of opinion that the petitioners cannot be allowed to raise these points for the first time in arguments before us, for there is no mention of these points in their petitions. It appears that in an affidavit filed in connection with stay, something was said on these two points; but the stay matter was never pursued and never came up before this Court for hearing. In the circumstances there was no reply from the State Government to these allegatious. We are of opinion that the petitioners cannot be allowed to raise these points now for the first time in arguments when they did not raise them in their petitions and consequently reject them.
It is contended that under r. 3 (vi) of the Orissa Rules, the draft scheme or the approved scheme has to be published in the official gazette under ss. 68D and 68E and has to contain certain particulars including the actual date of operating
Birajmohan Das Gupta ¥. The State of Orissa
Warchee 4
Birajmokan Des Gupte v. The State of Orissa
Warchoo J :
the ronte. Now what happened in this case is that the draft scheme mentioned the date of operation as April 1, 1961. This was in accordance with r. 3 (vi). When the final scheme was published, this date was not mentioned in it. We will assume that r.3(vi) requires that when the final scheme was published, the date should have been mentioned. It seems to us that tho rule so read has Leen substantially complied with, for the notification publishing the final scheme refers to the draft scheme and says that the draft scheme is approved and there is no mention of any modification. In the circumstances it would in cur opinion be not unreasonable to read the date April ], 1961, incorporated in the final scheme by reference to the draft scheme. It would have been a different matter if the draft schemo also did not contain the date of operation. We arc therefore of opinion that there has been substantial compliance with r. 3 (vi), and the final schem:> cannot be said to be bad for non-comphance with the rule. We therefore reject this contention.
It is urged in this connection that the Transport Controller had no authority to publish the draft scheme. It is also urged that the Transport Controller is not the State Transport Undertaking and the notification under s.68C does not show that the State Transport Undertaking was of opinion that it was necessary to take over certain transport services for the purpose mentioned in that section. The argument as raised before us is really two-fold. In the first place itis urged that the Transport Controller had no authority to publish the scheme. There is however no force in this contenticn, for s.68C requires that after the State Transport Undertaking has formed the opinion required thereunder and prepared a scheme it shal] cause tho scheme to be published. The Transport Controller
‘
(1)S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 689 is the chief officer of the State Transport Undertaking and we see nothing irregular if he publishes the scheme prepared under s. 68C. The section lays down that after the scheme has been prepared in the manner provided thereunder, the State Transport Undertaking shall cause it to be published, which means that some officer of the Undertaking will have it published in the gazette. In the present case, the chief officer of the Undertaking has got it published and this in our opinion is in sufficient compliance with s. 68C.>
The other part of the argument is that the notification under s. 68C does not show that it was the State Transport Undertaking which was satisfied that it was necessary totake action under that section, for it says that “I, Colonel S. K. Ray, Indian Army (Retd.), Transport Controller, Orissa, in-charge of State Transport Undertaking, Orissa, am of opinion that for the purpose of providing an efficient, adequate and economical and properly co-ordinated road transport service it is necessary seneeeneseeeees The argument is that it was not the State Transport Undertaking which was satisfied but Col. 8. K. Ray, Transport Controller, who formed the necessary opinion under s, 68C. We find that this point was also not taken in the petitions. All that was said in the petitions was that the Transport Controller was only in-charge of the transport services in the State and there was no State Transport Undertaking in the State of Orissa within the meaning cl. (b) of s. 68A of the Act. This case has been abandoned; but it is now contended is that even though there may be a State Transport Undertaking in Orissa that Undertaking was not satisfied that it was necessary to take action in the manner provided in s.68C. This in our opinion is a question of fact and should have been specifically pleaded in the petitions so that the tatefmay have been able to make 4 reply. In the absence therefore of any averment on this question
Birajmohan Das Gupta v. The State of Orissa
Wanchoo J,
Birajmohan Das Gupta ¥. The State of Orissa
Wenchoe J.
November 28.
of fact, we are not prepared to allow the pe itioners to raise this point in arguments before us. In the circumstances we reject this contention also.
_ The petitions therefore fail and are hereby dismissed with costs—one set of hearing costs.
Petitions dismissed.
P. SRINIVASA NAICKER
Vv
SMT. ENGAMMAL AND ANOTHER (K. N. Wancuoo and J. C. Suan, JJ.)
Insolvency —Sale of insol’ent’s property by official Receiver
—Appeal—Grounds for setting aside the sale—Revision—High Court's jurisdiction to interfere with the order of District Judge— The Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (V of 1920), 8s. 59(a), 68, 75.
The official receiver put the properties of the insolvents N and his sons for sale, which were subject to mortgage. The properties were ultimately knocked down to the appellant whose bid was the highest. The first respondent made an application under s. 68 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 which was allowed by the Subordinate Judge on the ground that the price fetched was very low. On appeal under s. 75 of the Act the District Judge, tnter alia, held that the price fetched was not low. In revision under the proviso to 3. 75 of the Act, the High Court did not consider whether the order of the District Judge was according to law but accepted an offer made by the first respondent and allowed the revision. petition.
Held, that the power of the court under s. 68 is a judicial power, and must be exercised on well recognised principles, justifying interference with an act of the receiver which he is empowered todo unders. 59(a) Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, and thecourt must not arbitrarily set aside a sale decided upon by the official receiver, unless there are good judicial grounds to interfere with the discretion exercised by the officia] receiver, for example that there was fraud or collusion between the receiver and the insolvent or intending purchaser, or the court is of the opinion that there were irregularities in the conduct of the sale which might have affected the price fetched at the sale, or price was low as to justify the Court to hold that the property should not be sold at that price.
mer