RANGNATH vy. DAULATRAO AND ORS. , December 20, 1974 {K. K. MatHew, P. N, BHAGWaTI AND N. L. UntWaLi, JJ.}
Natural justice—Speaking order—Stute Government while disposing ua statutory appeal whether bound to give personal hearing and 10 pass a speakins order,
Hyderabad Abolition of Inams and Cash grants Act, 1954.
> . . . \ Whether tenancy comes to an end on service of noticc of termination— Practice—Whether a ground contrary to one taken all throughout can be allowed to be raised at the stage of arguments—-Res judicata.
The appellant was the Inamdar and respondent no. 1 was the tenant of the suit land when the Hyderabad Abolition of Inams anq Cash Grants Act. 1954 was made applicable to the suit land. By virtue of the said Abolition Act, the appellant’s Inam was abolished and it vested in the State.
Before the Inam was abolished, the appellant terminated the tenancy of first respondent by a notice and filed a proceeding for eviction of the tenant under the Tenancy Act. The said application was rejected by the Naib TJahsildar before the Inam was abolished. However, after the Inam’ was abolished on an appeal the Deputy Collector allowed the appellant to resume the suit land. The Revenue Tribunal allowed the revision of respondent No. | on the ground that after the abolition and vesting of the appellant’s Inam. the first respondent as a tenant in possession acquired all the rights of ‘an occupant under the Act. During the proceedings under the Inam Abolition _:.
Act, the appellant contended that the respondent no, 1 did not become the occupant of the land. The Tahsildar decided that. respondent no, 1 was it tenant in possession and, therefore, acquired the rights of an ¢ccupant. The appellant filed an appeal before the State Government under the Abolition Ac! against the said decision of the Tahsildar. The State Government dismissed the said appeal without passing a speaking order and withovt giving a personal hearing to the appellant. The appellant filed a writ petition against the said order of the State Government which was dismissed by the High Court. The appellant filed the present appeal against the said judgment of the Bombav High Court, It was contended before this Court, (i) that the State Government was not justified in rejecting the appellant’s statutory appeal withou! giving him a hearing and without passing any reasoned order, (fi) that the Inam in question was a service Inam and hence in view of the provision of . Law contained in section 102A(c) of the Tenancy Act the said Act was not applicable to the land in question; respondent no. { could therefore never be a tenant of the land, (iii) that the proceedings initiated by the appellant for resumption of Jand under the Tenancy Act were all ultra vires and without jurisdiction, there being no relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties under the Tenancy Act. Jurisdiction could not be conferted by ap erroneous stand of the appellant that the first respondent was his tenant. (iv) In any view of the matter the tenancy was terminated by service of a notice under s. 44 and the filing of the application under s. 32{2) of the Tenancy Act, against respondent no. 1. He was, therefore, not a tenant in possession of the larid on 1-7-1960 the date of vesting of the inam. (v) The High Court has committed an error in holding that its judgment in Special Petition No. 1881 of 1962 operated as res-judicata on the question of respondent no. 1 acquiring the right of an occupant under section 6(1) of the
Abolition of Inams Act.
HELD: (1) It was not necessary for the State ‘Government to give a personal hearing to the appellant or his representative. When an order is
100 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975] 3 scr.
liable to be challenged under Arts. 226 and 227 of the Constitution, courts insist that an appeal ought to be disposed of by a speaking order giving reasons in its support. Jt may not be possible in all cases to say that a non-speaking order is bad or invalid. On the facts of the case, the High Court rightly did Not set aside the order of the State Government and remit back the appellant’s appeal on that ground. No determination or adjudication of facts was involved, [103A-D]
(2) Mere: service of the notice terminating the tenancy and filing an application for possession does not bring an end to the tenancy. Untd and unless the possession was directed to be delivered to the Jand holder, the tenaat continued in possession as a tenant. The decision of the full bench of Bombay High Court reported in 67 Bombay Law Reporter S21 doubted. [104-F-G: 105-A-B] ;
(3) The appellant ali along contended that the Inam was not a service TInam. The said contention is contrary to the case of the appellant throughout. [103-F]
(4) The appellant cannot contend that respondent no, 1 is not a tenant. Tho appellant all along treated respondent no. 1 as a tenant, The appellant did not even assert in the Statement of case or the additional grounds that respondent no, | is not a tenant, Respondent no. 1 was in cultivating possession and was paying rent to the appellant. Tt could not be in any capacity other than a tenant. [103H-104B]
(5) The High Court rightly helg that issue as to whether respondent no. | acquired the right as an occupant or not was barred on the principles of res judicata in view of the decision of the High Court in the earlier ia
Crvit APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 30 of 1968.
Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment & Order dated the 14th October, 1966 of the Bombay High Court in W.P. (Spl. C. Appin. of 1019 of 1965).
B. N. Lokur and A. G. Ratnaparkhi, for the Appellant.
S. T. Desai and R. B, Datar, for Respondent No. 1. M. N. Shroff, for Respondent No. 2
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Untwazts, J.—In this appeal filed by special leave of this Court it would be noticed that the appellant has endeavoured on one ground or the other to get the 15 acres and 14 Gunthas of land in Osmanabad which at one time formed part of the erstwhile State of Hyderabad and eventually came to be a part of the State of Maharashtra. The disputed land is comprised in Survey No. 206/B. There is no dispute that the appellant was the Inamdar of this land. ‘The Hyderabad Abolition of Inams and Cash Grants Act, 1954 being Hyderabad Act No. VIL of 1955 (hereinafter called the Abolition of Inamis Act) came into force on its publication in the gazette on the 20th July. 1955. The Abolition of Inams Act was amended by _ the Hyderabad. Abolition of Inams (Amendment) Act, 1956 and was further amended by Bombay Act 64 of 1959 which came into force on 1st July, 1960. Tt is no longer in controversy that the Abolition of Inams Act became applicable to the appellant’s Inam by virtue of the amended provisions on 1-7-1960 as a result of which under Section 3 appellant’s Inami was abolished and vested in the State, Upon its vesting, certain consequences followed which will be adverted to hercinafter in this judgment.
csi
'RANGNATH vy. DAULATRAO (Untwalia, J.) 101
“The -first-round of litigation started by the appellant against res-
"” pondent no. I: treating him as his tenant under the Hyderabad Ten-
> ancy and’ Agricultural Land Act, 1950, Hyderabad Act No. XXI of _ 1950 (hereinafter called the Tenancy Act) was started by the appel-
~ lant by serving ‘a notice on the first respondent under section 44 of the Said Tenancy Act. The appellant claimed in that proceeding that he ',..bonafide required the land for cultivating it personally and hence after service of notice purporting to terminate the tenancy by the 31st day of December, 1958 he proceeded to file an application on 18-3-1959 for possession of the land under section 32(2) of the Tenancy Act.
_ The. Naib Tehsildar, Land Reforms, Osmanabad rejected the resump- . tion application. of the appellant by his order dated 22-10-1959 hold- “ing against him on merits that he has made out no case for termina- ‘tion of the tenancy. The appellant went up in appeal which was allowed by the Deputy Collector Land Reforms Osmanabad by his
‘order dated 25-5-1962. The Deputy Collector allowed the appellant to resume the disputed lands in Survey No. 206 holding in his favour On merits. Respondent no. 1 went up in revision. The Revenue Tri-
~ bunal allowed the revision of respondent no. 1 by its order made on
15-10-1962. It took the! view accepting a new stand taken on behalf of the tenant respondent no. 1 that after the abolition and vesting of the appellant’s Inam the said respondent who was in possession’ of the land covered by the Inam as a tenant holding from the Jnamdar
“had acquired all the rights \of an occupant in respect of such land
~. under. section 6(1)(a) of the Abolition of Inams Act. The appellant moved the High Court of Bombay under Article 227 of the Constitution
“of India in. Special Civil Application No. 1381 of 1962. Agreeing -: with the view of the Revenue Tribunal the Special Civil Application -was dismissed by the High Court on 26-9-1963.
- “The second round of fight culminating in the present appeal start- ‘ed between the parties when proceedings under section 2A which was ’: introduced: in, thé Abolition of Inams Act by section 6 of Bombay -° Act; 64 Of 1959 ‘were initiated before the Officer authorised by the
State Government to decide certain questions relating to Inams. The
Tehsildar gave a notice to respondent no. 1 for payment of price in lieu of his having acquired the right of an occupant in the land tu
-accordancé with section 6 of thé Abolition of Inams Act. The appel- Jant filed his objection and asserted that respondent -no. 1 had not “become the occupant of the land under the provisions of law afore- said, Various questions were raised by him. The Deputy Collector _
’ decided the matter in the first instance by his order dated 30-11-1962. He held that the land was granted to the appellant for his service as .
Mahajan; it could, therefore, be deemed to be a Watan land. He further held that the provisions of section 6 of Abolition of Inams Act were applicable and the date of vesting of the Inam was Ist July, 1960 ‘and not 20th July, 1955. Since he was not the Officer to decide the question of possession under section 6(1) 0: the Abolition of
TInams Act, he remained content by saying in his order dated 30-11-1962 “The land in question being the Watan land, shall be resumed and vested in Government with effect from ist July 1960 and the person
102 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975] 3 s.c.r.
in possession of the land at the time of vesting shall be entitled to occupancy right under section 6(1) of the Act in respect of the said land.” He finally directed that a copy of this order be sent to the Tehsildar Osmanabad for further necessary action. The Tehsildar by his order dated 15-7-1963 decided the matter in favour of the first respondent and held him to be a tenant in possession of the land on the date of vesting of the Inam and hence a person acquiring the rights of an occupant under section 6(1). The objection of the appellant wis rejected by the Tehsildar.
The appellant filed an appeal before the State Government under .section 2A(2) of the Abolition of Inams Act from the decision of the Tehsildar. The rejection of the appellant's appeal by the State Government was communicated to him by a letter dated 27th November, 1964 of the Under Secretary to the Government of Maharashtra, Revenue and Forest Department. The appellant challenged the order of the State Government in Special Civil Application No. 1019 of 1966 ander Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India in the Bombay High Court. A Bench of the High Court dismissed his Writ Application by its judgment and order dated 14-10-1966. The appellant presented this appeal by special leave of this Court.
Mr. B. N. Lokur, learned counsel for the appellant made the following submissions in support of the appeal:
1. That the State Government was not justified in rejecting the appellant’s statutory appeal witnout giving him a hearing and without passing any reasoned order.
2. That the Inam in question was a service Inam and hence in view of the provision of law contained in section 102A(c) of the Tenancy Act the said Act was not applicable to the land in question; respondent no. | could therefore never be a tenant of the land.
3. That the proceedings initiated by the appellant for resumption of land under the Tenancy Act were all ultra vires and without jurisdiction, there being no relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties under the Tenancy Act, jurisdiction could not be conferred by _ an erroncous stand of the appellant that the first respondent was his tenant.
4. In any view of the matier the tenancy was terminated by’ service of a notice under section 44 and the filing of the application under section 32(2) of the Tenancy Act, against respondent no. 1. He, was, therefore, not a tenant in possession of the land on 1-7-1960 the date of vesting of the Inam.
5. The High Court has committed an error in holding that its judgment in Special Petition No. 1881 of 1962 operated 1s res-judicata on the question of respondent no. 1 acquiring the right of an occupant under section 6(1) of the Abolition of Inams Act.
RANGNATH ¥. DAULATRAO (Untwalia, J.) 103 {
In our judgment none of the points urged on behalf of the appellunt is fit to succced,
It was not necessary for the State Government to give a personal’ hearing to the appellant or his authorised representative before disposal of his appeal. As has been repeatedly pointed out by © this Court the State Government ought to have disposed of the statutory appeal of the appellant filed under’ section 2A(2) of the Abolition uf Inams Act by a speaking order. It may. not be possible in all cases to Say that a non-speaking order is bad or invalid on that account — alone but when an order is liable to be challenged under Articles 226 or 227 of the Constitution of India, Courts do insist that an appeal of the kind filed by the appellant should be and ought to have been disposed of by a speaking order giving some reasons in its support. But on the facts and in the circumstances of this case the High Court did not. feel persuaded, and in our opinion rightly, to set aside the order of the State Government and remit back the appellant's appeal to them merely on that account. No determination or adjudication of facts was involved. The decision of the case rested on the points of law. The High Court did examine the question as to whether respondent no. 1 could not be a tenant of the appellant because of the reason that the Inam had been held to be a Watan Inam and consequently according to the appellant it was a service Inam. In the present proceeding the High Court pointed out that respondent no, 1 was admittedly the appellant’s tenant. Merc service of notice under section 44 of the Tenancy Act had not terminated the tenancy. The proceeding for resumption of the land under the Tenancy Act finally terminated against the appellant on the ground that respondent no. |! could no longer be evicted as he had acquired the right of an occupant under the Abolition of Inam Act. :
On the finding recorded by the Deputy Collector in his order dated 30-11-1962 that the appellant held the Inam as a Watan for the purpose of this case we shall assume in his favour that it was a service Inam and hence the provisions of the Tenancy Act were not applicable. But such a stand is. wholly contrary to the appellant’s case in the pre-. vious proceedings for resumption of land. Every where the appellant asserted that respondent no. 1 was his tenant, so much so that in his Special Civil Application No. 1881 of 1962 a copy of which was ‘given to us by Mr. S. T. Desai, learned counsel for respondent no. 1, he had stated in paragraph 7 “That the learned Member of the Tribunal has failed to apply his mind to the provisions of Sec. 102(c) which was in force prior to the substitution of new Section 102-A(c). of the Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act. It does not apply to the case in question as the suit land is an Inam land not a service Inam, so the Tenancy Act is applicable to the present case.”
‘It is not open to the appellant to change his stand and then assert that the previous proceedings started by him for resumption of the land was ultra vires and without jurisdiction as the Tenancy Act was not applicable to the land. The appellant than tried to urge that respondent no. 1 could not be and was not a tenant of the land. But this contention is also not open to the appellant. No where it has been
104 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1975] 3 s.c.r.
-asserted by the appellant not even in the statement of the case and the additional grounds filed in this Court except in the argument put forward by his learned counscl that the Inamdar of the kind the uppellant was, had no right to induct any tenant on ¢he Inam land. ‘The - fact remains. that respondent no, 1 was in cultivating possession of the Jand in question paying rent to the appellant since ‘long tefore the vesting of the Inam. 1¢ could not but be in his capacity as.a tenant of the appellant. It is not open to the appellant to assert that the’
order made by the Revenue Tribunal or as a matter of that in his carlier Special Civil Application by the Bombay High Court was in:
a proceeding in which there was inherent lack of jurisdiction in the first authority und consequently the order was also a nullity.
‘There is no substance in the 4th submission of Mr. Lokur. Section 44(1) of the Tenancy Act reads as follows :
44(1) “Notwithstanding anything contained in section 6 or 19 but subject to the provisions of sub-sections (2) to (7), Wandholder (not being a landholder within the meaning ‘of Chapter 1V-C) may] after giving notice to the tenant and making an application for possession as provided in subsection (2), terminate the tenancy of any land, if the landholder bonafide requires the land for cultivating it personally.”
Section 32 prescribes the procedure of taking possession of the land and sub-section (2) says “Save as otherwise provided in subsection (3A), no Jandholder shall obtain posscssion of any land or dwelling house held by a tenant except under an order of the Tehsildar, for which he shall apply in the prescribed form within a period of two years from the date of the commencement of the Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricutural Lands (Amendment) Act, 1957. or the date on which the right to such possession accrued to him whichever is later.” Reading the wordings of sections 44($) and 32(2) of the Tenancy Act it was not possible to accept the contention put forward on behalf of the appellant that by mere service of notice and the filing of application for possession the tenancy had some to an end. Until and unless posscssion was directed to be delivered to the landholder by the competent authority, the tenant continued in possession and continued to be so as a tenant. A full Bench of the Bombay High Court in Dattatraya Sadashiv Dho:td v. Ganpati Raghu Gaoli(*‘) expressed the view at page 529 “The manner in which a tenancy is to be terminated is, however, laid down in section 44. Under this section the tenancy terminates when after giving the requisite notice the landholder makes an application for possession to the Tehsildar. Thereafter the tenant’s possession is not unlawful, but it is not held by him as a tenant. He has an estate in possession, which he will lose if the Tehsildar makes an order in favour of the Iandholder. Tf, however, the Tchsildar rejects the application of the fundholder, the termination of tenancy by the landholder will become ineffective. The tenancy will revive and the tenant wili confinue in
(1) 67 Bombay Law Reporter, 521.
~
Cc
RANGNATH 1. DAULATRAO (Untwalia, J.) 105 possession as if his tenancy had not been terminated.” Although the
_ View so expressed by the Bombay High Court may not be quite accu- rate and the better view to take may be to say that the process of termination of tenancy started by the service of notice and the filing of the application for possession by the landholder is not complete until an order for possession is made by the competent authority and, therefore, there is no termination of tenancy until an order for possession follows in the process, the matter become beyond the pale of controversy in view of rule 28(5) of the Hyderabad ‘Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Rules made in accordance with sub-section (10) of section 44 of the Act. Sub-section (10) empowers the State Government to provide by rules the time when the termination of tenancy will take effect and rule 28(5) says that on the granting of the application for possession the tenancy shall stand terminated from the commencement of the ycar following the year in which the application is granted. It is, therefore, clear that the tenancy did not come to an end by the mere service of notice and the filing of. the application by the appellant against respondent no. 1 under the Tenancy Act. He was a tenant when the Inam of the appellant vested in the State on the Ist of July, 1960. Indisputably, he was in possession of the land on that date. Consequently he acquired the rights of an occupant under _ section 6(1) of the Abolition of Inams Act. . There was no error committed by the High Court in deciding this question against the appellant.
The High Court was also right in holding that the issue as to the acquiring by respondent no, 1 of the right of an occupant was barred
_ on the principles of res judicata in view of. the previous decision in the earlier Special Civil Application. Neither the Revenue Tribunal nor the High Court in the earlier proceeding went into the merits of the appellant’s claim for resumption of the land. Jt defeated him on the ground that since respondent no, 1 had acquired the right of an occupant On the abolition and the vesting of the Inam the application under section 32(2) of the Tenancy Act had got tc fail. The issue
‘directly and substantially fell for determination in the earlier case.
it was decided against the appellant and he cannot re-agitate the very same question in this proceeding.
For the reasons stated above the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs to Respondent, No. | above.
| PHP. 7 ue ; : Appeal dismissed,